Many of the Confederacy's senior military leaders (including Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney Johnston, and James Longstreet) and even President Jefferson Davis, were former U.S. Army and, in smaller numbers, U.S. Navy officers who had been opposed to, disapproved of, or were at least unenthusiastic about secession, but resigned their U.S. commissions upon hearing that their states had left the Union. . Army was composed of independent armies and military departments that were constituted, renamed, and disbanded as needs arose, particularly in reaction to offensives launched by the United States. In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also called the Northern Army, referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Confederate soldiers were paid $11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers. so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. (Robert E. Lee was a notable exception to this. On February 28, shortly before Lincoln was sworn in as president, the Provisional Confederate Congress had authorized the organization of a large Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS). They were also soldiers. Journal of the Senate at an Extra Session of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, Convened under the Proclamation of the Governor, March 25, 1863, p. 6. i dont know the answer thats why i was looking for it on here. What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? Army) or lieutenant generals. African American soldiers who served in the United States Colored Troops were often singled out by the Confederates and suffered extra violence when captured by them. The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. The truth of the story has been disputed. As early as November 1864, some Confederates knew that the chance of securing victory against the U.S. was slim. ), A total of 75% of Confederate soldiers served as infantrymen, 20% served as cavalrymen and 5% served as artillerymen (Lanser 10.). In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. All three initiatives were unsuccessful, however. [28] Challenges to the subsequent acts came before five state supreme courts; all five upheld them.[29]. The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. A small number of Asian men were forcibly inducted into the Confederate Army against their will, when they arrived in Louisiana from overseas. To the extent the word "battalion" was used to describe a military unit, it referred to a multi-company task force of a regiment or a near-regimental size unit. What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view.. Sergeant Kirkland's actions remain a legend in Fredericksburg to this day. of the American Civil War-. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. Occasionally, a single corps might operate independently as if it were a small army. [34][35][36][37] Military historian Samuel J. Watson argues that Christian faith was a major factor in combat motivation. Some states (such as North Carolina) were able to better supply their soldiers, while other states (such as Texas) were unable for various reasons to adequately supply their troops as the war continued. (MA thesis Virginia Tech, 2014). On February 8, 1861, representatives of those states announced the formation of the Confederate States of America, with its capital at Montgomery , Alabama. He chose to wear the rank insignia of a colonel.) web pages On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. Soldiers who served in the Confederate States Army fought on behalf of the Confederate States of America. "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. Read online free Texas Confederate Soldiers 1861 1865 Name Roster ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. reb. I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. The idea of arming the Confederacy's slaves for use as soldiers was speculated on from the onset of the war, but such proposals were not seriously considered by Jefferson Davis or others in the Confederate administration until late in the war when severe manpower shortages were faced. Robert E. Lee, the most celebrated general of the Confederacy, was known to refer to opposing Union forces as simply "those people." The Confederate states wanted to keep slavery and to limit the role of the federal government in state government. "[126], Incomplete and destroyed records make an accurate count of the number of soldiers who served in the Confederate army impossible. There is a ready explanation for this apparent paradox. Individual commanders often had to "beg, borrow or steal" food and ammunition from whatever sources were available, including captured U.S. depots and encampments, and private citizens regardless of their loyalties. Name that Criminal 55%. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. [6][citation needed]. [25] On October 11, the Confederate Congress passed the so-called "Twenty Negro Law",[26] which exempted anyone who owned 20 or more slaves, a move that caused deep resentment among conscripts who did not own slaves. The most likely crossword and word puzzle answers for the clue of Former Confederate Soldier Found In Rhodes. Confederate soldiers were called rebel, Grayback (because of the Both the United States and the Confederate States began in earnest to raise large, mostly volunteer, armies,[15][16] with the opposing objectives: putting down the rebellion and preserving the Union on the one hand, and establishing independence from the United States on the other. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The most common term for a generic Confederate, however, was Johnny Reb. These major units were generally named after states or geographic regions (in comparison to the U.S. Army's custom of naming armies after rivers). Parker stated that had he been given an opportunity, he would have turned against his Confederate captors, and "could do it with pleasure". bushwhacker - a Confederate guerrilla during the American Civil These records contain both military and personal details and are useful for locating an ancestor in time and place and tracking his movements during the course of the Civil War. The search engine finds names alphabetically. "[53], Some soldiers also deserted from ideological motivations. What was the nickname of the Confederate soldiers? [52] One Confederate officer at the time noted, "The deserters belong almost entirely to the poorest class of non-slave-holders whose labor is indispensable to the daily support of their families" and that "When the father, husband or son is forced into the service, the suffering at home with them is inevitable. "They forced their negroes to load their cannon," reported a U.S. officer. Let us put the negro to work, but not to fight. Supplementing the Confederate army were the various state militias of the Confederacy: Control and operation of the Confederate army were administered by the Confederate States War Department, which was established by the Confederate Provisional Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. control. most of the battlefields were located in Confederate states. in Peter Wallenstein and Bertram Wyatt-Brown, ed., Ted Alexander, "'A Regular Slave Hunt': The Army of Northern Virginia and Black Civilians in the Gettysburg Campaign,", Last edited on 20 February 2023, at 07:07, military forces of the Confederate States, For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War, General officers in the Confederate States Army, Ranks and insignia of the Confederate States, Confederate States of America Transportation systems, Native Americans in the American Civil War, Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War Confederacy, Blockade runners of the American Civil War, General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States, Military of the Confederate States of America, Uniforms of the Confederate States Armed Forces, Postage stamps and postal history of the Confederate States, Provisional Constitution of the Confederate States, "Deserters in the Civil War | Teachinghistory.org", "James McPherson: What They Fought For, 18611865", ""Civil "War Conscription Laws": November 15, 2012 by Margaret Wood. Confederate casualties for all these reasons are unavailable. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Cobb said using blacks as soldiers would be the end of the revolution, because "if slaves make good soldiers, our whole theory of slavery is wrong."[101][102][103]. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (18611865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the institution of slavery. Regiments were commanded by colonels. He was first assigned to Company E, 2nd South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, but was later transferred to Company G of the same regiment, and was promoted to sergeant. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. The Confederacy refused. Former Confederate secretary of state Robert Toombs said "In my opinion, the worst calamity that could befall us would be to gain our independence by the valor of our slaves instead of our own " and complained using black troops would be "a surrender of the entire slavery question. In his 2010 book Major Problems in the Civil War, historian Michael Perman says that historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer and die over four years: Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. Create new Board. Educate, entertain, and engage with Factmonster. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. [119][120] However, Confederate authorities feared retaliation, and consequently no black prisoner was ever put on trial and executed. The rhetoric of liberty that had permeated the letters of Confederate volunteers in 1861, grew even stronger as the war progressed. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026. Most questions answered within 4 hours. Lee's campaign against Gettysburg and southern Pennsylvania (a rich agricultural region) was driven in part by his desperate need of supplies, especially food.[80]. The design of this particular shell is attributed to Captain William Leroy Broun that commanded the Richmond Arsenal. They were paid in Confederate currency. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. Many of their soldiers deserted, returned home, and formed a military force that fought off regular army units trying to punish them. [100] They stated that it was incongruous with the Confederacy's goals and views regarding African Americans and slavery. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? A typical CSR will include an envelope that lists a soldiers name, rank, unit, and card numbers, followed by cards with details extracted from muster rolls, rosters, hospital rolls, Union prison records, payrolls, and other records, with a new card being created each time a soldiers name appeared on a new document. This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. Kirkland did not stop until he had helped every wounded soldier (Confederate and Federal) on the Confederate end of the battlefield. Jones, Adam Matthew. They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. The Confederate Congress initially made the rank of brigadier general the highest rank. Johnny, or just plain Reb. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. Under the commands of Robert E. Lee and Samuel Cooper, soldiers of the Confederacy lived by the Motto "Deo Vindice" (God will vindicate us). Army -- Registers, Soldiers -- Confederate States of America -- Registers, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Registers, United States -- Confederate States of America, United States, Southern States -- Military records -- Civil War, 1861-1865, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:lcpdf:942a4376-e0e6-4197-8274-c8c436bda8c3, urn:lcp:rosterofconfeder0000unse:epub:02c5afa1-2a5a-48fd-9a4d-dafc1a72f20e, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). According to historian James M. McPherson in 1994, "no black soldiers fought in the Confederate army, unless they were passing as white. There is too many free niggers now to suit me, let alone having four millions. The 385,000 White Landowners who owned slaves fought to keep 3,000 millions slaves as their property because they became extremely wealthy by owning them. Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. The first few states to join hands in the formation of the Confederacy were South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. Estimates of enlistments throughout the war range from 1,227,890 to 1,406,180.[60]. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. This was about 10 percent of the total Union fighting force. [44] One Louisianan artilleryman stated, "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. [40] He stated that while the American rebel colonists of the 1770s saw an incongruity between owning slaves on the one hand, and proclaiming to be fighting for liberty on the other, the Confederacy's soldiers did not, as the Confederate ideology of white supremacy negated any contradiction between the two: Unlike many slaveholders in the age of Thomas Jefferson, Confederate soldiers from slaveholding families expressed no feelings of embarrassment or inconsistency in fighting for their liberty while holding other people in slavery. as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in Confederate soldiers also frequently suffered from inadequate supplies of shoes, tents, and other gear, and would be forced to innovate and make do with whatever they could scrounge from the local countryside. Displays at the site share the history of the battle, including the massacre on Black troops. The best estimates of Confederate military personnel deaths are about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded, 164,000 deaths from disease, and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. [93] Even Georgian governor Joseph E. Brown noted that "the country and the army are mainly dependent upon slave labor for support. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. These seven states also known as the Confederate States of America laid the foundation of the Confederacy during 4 to 9 February 1861 at a meeting held in Montgomery , Alabama. Confederate guerrillas were called bushwhackers. Furthermore, each state often had its uniform regulations and insignia, which meant that the "standard" Confederate uniform often featured a variety of differences based on the state the soldier came from. Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. 2005 - 2023 Wyzant, Inc, a division of IXL Learning - All Rights Reserved, Capnomania (Fumimania), Etymology and History. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. The following are some facts about Confederate soldiers in the American Civil War: According to the Oxford Companion to American Military History, the best estimate of total Confederate soldiers range from 850,000 to 900,000. There are nine major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States: [5] Fort Benning (1917), near Columbus, Georgia, named after Henry L. Benning, a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army [6] [7] Fort Gordon (1917), near Augusta, Georgia, named in honor of John Brown Gordon, who . Vol 2, C.A. Cavalry regiments from Texas, for example, often used red insignia and at least one Texas infantry regiment used black. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. 3.5 to 4 million soldiers fought in the civil war. President Abraham Lincoln was exasperated to hear of such men who professed to love their country but were willing to fight against it. According to his analysis, the soldiers' faith was consoling for the loss of comrades; it was a shield against fear; it helped reduce drinking and fighting in the ranks; it enlarged the soldiers' community of close friends and helped compensate for their long-term separation from home.[38][39]. While I think the slavery was certainly a significant catalyst (along with tariffs & internal improvements) for the war, once started the Southern objective was simple: obtain independence in a national liberation struggle. These lists contain names of Confederate soldiers, their regiment, and burial place transcribed from monuments and headstones. What. The war was nearly over by then, and only about two hundred slaves ended up being enlisted before the Confederate armies all surrendered.[22]. What were Confederate soldiers nicknames in the American Civil War? Confederate . III, pp. As the General Kershaw later stated that he observed Kirkland for more than an hour and a half. former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. These are some of the additional considerations which have suggested themselves to us. Soldiers from both the Union and Confederate armies watched as he performed his task, but no one fired a shot. "[122][123] The Confederacy wanted to recruit Indians east of the Mississippi River in 1862, so they opened up a recruiting camp in Mobile, Alabama "at the foot of Stone Street". They called the Confederate soldiers the Rebels or "Rebs". A friend who visited the gravesite years later was said to have commented that it was one of the most sequestered, unfrequented, and inaccessible spots for a grave he'd ever seen. A very nice "dug" late-war Confederate artillery shell. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. "[98] After acrimonious debate the Confederate Congress agreed in March 1865. 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