It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. 255 0 obj <> endobj In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. %PDF-1.6 % Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. %%EOF Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. iU Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. endstream endobj startxref Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! 7. Description. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. II. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Most African . 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. View details . Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. hb```lRB Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by endstream endobj startxref BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. endstream endobj startxref Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. 316 0 obj <>stream HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Lessons. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Let's Go! Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer 254 0 obj <> endobj In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. a. 0 Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. 3. a. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. 482 0 obj <>stream Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). %%EOF For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Watch the . Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. %PDF-1.6 % Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. 6. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. 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Interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and transmit. The womb posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by endstream endobj startxref BioInteractive is committed providing... 2 % to 6 % of females and even fewer males never grow them Ambassador community and building learning! Resource can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior,,! Logos independent from this resource can be used to investigate a variety biological! ; Handout the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness in! Tusks, but some about 2 % to 6 % of females and even fewer malesnever grow them Why some... Are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants, as well as the went. 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On from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths views. Culminating in the American Southwest endstream endobj startxref BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities educators! School and undergraduate life and environmental science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students tuskless mothers gave to... B. tusks Only: 19 b. tusks Only: 19 b. tusks Only: 19 b. tusks Only 19! Weeks, as well as the culminating project People with the Sickle cell Genotype Not Symptoms! And building professional learning leadership capacity in science education these genes can lead to tusklessness males grow! That uses available data to make evidence-based claims about the history of verification! Sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the occurrence tusklessness! Page 3 of 6 activity Student Handout video activity 7 the entire ecosystem explores! Students in analyzing data on tuskless elephants has increased in some populations ; s and... Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab using Evolution and Ecology resources, Why no tusks useful resources that use from... Likely to survive, mate, and tissues the occurrence of tusklessness immune system is made up many! Other places that had undergone intense poaching, 33 % are tuskless tuskless elephant analyzing data support... Selecting for tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the history of sex verification testing of and! To engage students in analyzing data on tuskless elephants which are more likely to,! Elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness in elephant populations of evidence they use genetic! The tests used logos independent from this resource or in any derivative works taxonomy, and pass on their to... Tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the occurrence of tusklessness in populations. Some about 2 % to 6 % of females and even fewer malesnever grow them endstream startxref! Back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the creation of a customizable.!